Carbon Dioxide USP

USP grade Carbon Dioxide is as per standards of US Pharmacopeia and as permitted under Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and rules thereunder. Carbon Dioxide USP is used as an insufflation gas and cryotherapy agent. It is widely used as an insufflation gas in minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopy, endoscopy, and arthroscopy) to expand and stabilize the body cavity to provide a better view of the surgical area.

Carbon Dioxide USP can also be used for:

• Cryotherapy, where temperatures of -76 °C can be achieved. Using this technique, body cells will be destroyed by the crystallization process. This may include removing warts, birthmarks, moles and skin marks.
• Respiratory Stimulation during and after anesthesia.
• Carbon dioxide is usually administered for laparoscopic insufflation.
  
  

Contraindications: 

• Carbon dioxide may produce unconsciousness in concentrations over 10%. Cardiac dysrhythmias have been reported in patients undergoing laparoscopy because of high blood carbon dioxide levels. Cardiac arrest due to gas embolism has been reported. Reporting of suspected adverse reactions. Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorization of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions. Moderate overdose of carbon dioxide less than 5% stimulates breathing. If excessive this may cause extreme respiratory difficulty, raise the blood pressure and lead to nausea and vomiting and occasionally unconsciousness. In concentrations above 10%, carbon dioxide possesses an anesthetic property.
• When inhaled, carbon dioxide is rapidly distributed throughout the body. Physiologically, it regulates the rate and depth of breathing and normally there is a constant tension of 5 Kpa (40mm Hg) in arterial blood. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the plasma is three times greater than that in red blood cells. The gas is carried partly in solution (2.4 - 2.7 vol %), but mostly either as bicarbonate (42.9 - 46.7 vol%), or as carbamino compound (3.0 - 3.7 vol%). The relative quantities in solution and bicarbonate regulate the reaction of the blood and buffer changes in pH produced by stronger organic acids. Carbon dioxide produced by metabolism plays an integral part in the supply of oxygen to the tissues, since the amount released by hemoglobin at any given oxygen tension is directly related to the carbon dioxide tension in the blood. This in turn is governed by tissue activity in the concentration inhaled. Thus, the rate at which oxygen is given up to the tissues is increased when the carbon dioxide tension is raised. When a patient becomes apnoeic, carbon dioxide produced in the tissues accumulates in blood at a rate of about 0.7kpa (5mm Hg) per minute.

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